Latest Nobel Prize in Polymer  (Chemistry 2019)

The 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was given to John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham, and Akira Yoshino "for the creation of lithium-ion batteries," making it the most recent award related to polymers. One of the most significant breakthroughs for modern society is the lithium-ion battery, which makes it possible for people to utilize portable electronic gadgets like smartphones, laptops, and electric vehicles by efficiently, compactly, and rechargeable storing energy. The application of polymers in the form of electrolytes and separators in lithium-ion batteries plays a key role.

Both the electrolyte and the separator, which keep the electrodes apart while allowing ions to pass through but are typically formed of polymers, are substances that conduct ions between the electrodes. Each year, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry is given to a scientist who has made remarkable contributions to science. Many of the past winners have worked with polymers or materials that are related to polymers.

 5 TRENDS IN EUROPEAN PLASTIC MARKETS

Plastic is a material that is utilized in practically every industry, and about 26 million tonnes of plastic trash are produced in Europe each year. It is safe to argue that it has altered our way of life and is now an essential component of contemporary living, making many of the activities we do today feasible. However, as the need for sustainable alternatives has grown, Europe has taken steps that will eventually alter how we use and create plastic.

To meet the need for plastic products, global plastics production has expanded substantially in recent decades, hitting an annual peak of 368 million metric tonnes in 2019. In the same year, Europe, a significant manufacturer of plastic, supplied 16% of global output, with only China and North America producing more. The European plastics industry's income fell slightly from the previous year, owing primarily to the COVID-19 crisis's effects.

1) Widespread usage of improved plastic packaging

Manufacturers are increasingly relying on improved plastic packaging to reduce quality degradation and contamination. European polymer manufacturers are working hard to improve the sustainability of their products. Currently, high energy costs are reducing business profitability just when the industry requires additional capital to conduct decarbonization expenditures

2) Increased biodegradable plastics production

Most biodegradable plastics are now made of plant-based ingredients, allowing for quick disintegration when discarded. The market for biodegradable plastics is expected to reach $12.4 billion by 2027. In 2019, marketing activities continued to raise awareness of the ever-increasing benefits of biodegradable plastics. Since January 1, 2021, the EU has charged member states €0.80 per kg of non-recycled plastic packaging waste. States are allowed to determine how to fund the levy. Greening up their operations is becoming increasingly popular.

3) Expansion of self-production

2019 saw the emergence of smart technology, dubbed the "Fourth Industrial Revolution," which enabled manufacturers to instal more autonomous machines, increasing productivity and lowering costs. Engineers can engage with 3D models in immersive, real-time environments. These new "smart factories" aid in the reduction of error rates and dangers.

4) An increase in the demand for reinforced plastics 

Reinforced polymers remained to be a reliable metal alternative in 2019. They are becoming increasingly popular in the medical, construction, and military industries. The reinforced plastics market was valued at $228.4 billion in 2019 and is expected to reach $295.6 billion by 2027, growing at a 4.1% CAGR between 2020 and 2027.

5) The increasing use of 3D printing (3DP) for manufacturing efficiency

The 3DP market has continued to expand rapidly, particularly for hardware producers. The market material is divided into three main categories: polymer (which is the largest in 2019), metal (which is expected to lead during the forecast period), and ceramic. With European plastics equipment suppliers, the picture is brighter. Thorsten Kühmann, Secretary-General of EUROMAP, Europe's Association for Plastics and rubber machinery makers, remarked in March for the K Conference Trend Report that member companies' order books were "full to the brim". Sales are predicted to climb by 5 to 10% this year.

Preparation Water Bottle

 There are several different methods for making plastic bottles in the industry. One common method is injection molding, in which a plastic resin is melted and injected into a mold. The mold is then cooled, and the solidified bottle is removed. Another method is blow molding, in which a tube of plastic is heated until it is soft and pliable, and then air is blown into it to shape it into a bottle. Other methods for making plastic bottles include rotational molding, in which a mold is rotated and heated to create a bottle, and extrusion blow molding, in which a tube of plastic is extruded and then blown into a bottle shape. Regardless of the method used, the plastic used to make the bottles is usually in the form of pellets or granules, which are melted and then molded into the desired shape.

There are several different methods for making plastic bottles in the industry. One common method is injection molding, in which a plastic resin is melted and injected into a mold. The mold is then cooled, and the solidified bottle is removed. Another method is blow molding, in which a tube of plastic is heated until it is soft and pliable, and then air is blown into it to shape it into a bottle. Other methods for making plastic bottles include rotational molding, in which a mold is rotated and heated to create a bottle, and extrusion blow molding, in which a tube of plastic is extruded and then blown into a bottle shape. Regardless of the method used, the plastic used to make the bottles is usually in the form of pellets or granules, which are melted and then molded into the desired shape.

How to get color in the plastic water bottles

One common method is to use pigments, which are finely ground particles of color that can be added to the plastic resin before the bottles are molded. The pigments are thoroughly mixed with the resin, ensuring that the color is evenly distributed throughout the bottle. Another method is to use color concentrates, which are pre-dispersed mixtures of pigments and resin that can be added to the plastic before it is molded. Color concentrates are often used when multiple colors are needed in a single bottle, as they can be easily mixed to create a wide range of colors. In addition to pigments and color concentrates, plastic bottles can also be colored using dyes or by applying a layer of paint or film to the surface of the bottle.

Cap of bottles of the same material or different?

The caps of plastic water bottles are typically made from a different type of plastic than the bottle itself. The material used for the cap will depend on the specific requirements of the application, such as the type of closure needed, the pressure that the cap will be subjected to, and the intended lifespan of the bottle. Some common materials used for the caps of plastic water bottles include polypropylene (PP), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). These materials are chosen for their strength, durability, and resistance to chemicals, which makes them well-suited for use in bottle caps. In addition to the material of the cap, the design of the cap will also vary depending on the intended use of the bottle. For example, some caps may have a simple screw-on design, while others may have a flip-top or push-button closure.

Innovative Materials for food packaging 

There are several innovative materials that are being used in food packaging to improve sustainability, reduce waste, and enhance food safety. Here are a few examples:

1. Bioplastics: These are plastics made from renewable resources such as corn, potato, and sugarcane, rather than fossil fuels. Bioplastics are biodegradable, which means they can break down and be composted, reducing the amount of plastic waste in the environment.

2. Edible films: Edible films are thin layers of edible material that can be used to wrap food. They are made from a variety of materials, including proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, and can be used to protect and preserve food.

3. Paper and cardboard: Paper and cardboard are renewable and biodegradable materials that can be used to package food. They are also easily recycled, making them a more sustainable option compared to plastic packaging.

4. Glass: Glass is a durable and non-porous material that does not interact with food and does not leach chemicals. It is also easy to recycle, making it a sustainable choice for food packaging.

5. Metal: Metal cans and tins are a popular choice for packaging food because they are strong and able to withstand high temperatures. They are also easily recycled, making them a sustainable option.

What is intelligent packaging? 

Intelligent packaging refers to packaging materials that are designed to interact with their environment and provide additional benefits beyond just protecting the product. Some examples of intelligent packaging include:

1. Active packaging: This type of packaging contains a built-in system that actively maintains the quality and safety of the product. For example, active packaging might contain a moisture absorbent to prevent spoilage, or an oxygen scavenger to extend the shelf life of the product.

2. Smart packaging: Smart packaging uses sensors or other technologies to provide information about the product, such as its expiration date or whether it has been stored at the correct temperature.

3. Responsive packaging: This type of packaging changes in response to changes in its environment. For example, a package might change color if the temperature inside the package becomes too high, indicating that the product may be spoiled.

Intelligent packaging can help to improve the safety and shelf life of products, and can also provide convenience and added value for consumers.

Sustainable Ways of Packaging  

There are several ways to package products in an environmentally friendly way. Some options include:

1. Recyclable materials: Packaging made from materials that can be recycled, such as cardboard, paper, and glass, can be reused and repurposed instead of ending up in landfills.

2. Biodegradable materials: Biodegradable packaging materials, such as plant-based plastics and paper, break down naturally and do not contribute to pollution.

3. Reusable packaging: Packaging that can be used multiple times, such as containers and bags, reduces waste and the need for single-use packaging.

4. Minimal packaging: Using minimal packaging or packaging that is only as much as necessary can also help reduce waste.

5. Recycling programs: Implementing recycling programs for packaging materials can ensure that they are properly disposed of and repurposed.

6. Use eco-friendly packaging materials: Packaging materials made from sustainable, renewable resources, such as bamboo and sugarcane, are environmentally friendly options.

Silicone, Why it's different than other Polymers?

Silicone polymers, also known as polysiloxanes, are a class of synthetic polymers that are composed of repeating units of silicon, oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen. They are synthesized through a process called hydrolysis and condensation, in which silicon-containing compounds are reacted with water to produce a polymer chain.

There are many different types of silicone polymers, and their properties can vary depending on the specific chemical structure of the polymer. For example, the physical and chemical properties of silicone polymers can be modified by adding functional groups, such as methyl, vinyl, or phenyl groups, to the polymer chain.

Silicone polymers are known for their unique combination of properties, including high thermal stability, excellent resistance to water and other chemicals, and good electrical insulation properties. They are also biocompatible, meaning that they are not toxic and can be safely used in contact with living tissue.

They are different from many other polymers in a few key ways:

1. Structure: Silicones have a unique molecular structure that is characterized by a chain of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms, with carbon and hydrogen atoms attached to the silicon atoms. This structure gives silicones a number of distinctive properties, such as high thermal stability and excellent resistance to water and other chemicals.

2. Synthesis: Silicones are typically synthesized through a process known as hydrolysis and condensation, in which silicon-containing compounds are reacted with water to produce a polymer chain. This is different from the synthesis of many other polymers, which often involves the use of monomers that are polymerized through processes such as condensation polymerization or addition polymerization.

3. Properties: Silicones have a number of unique physical and chemical properties that set them apart from other polymers. They are highly flexible and elastic, have a wide temperature range, and are resistant to water, heat, and many chemicals. They are also biocompatible, meaning that they are not toxic and can be safely used in contact with living tissue.

Applications

Silicone polymers are a versatile class of materials that are used in a wide range of applications due to their unique combination of properties. Some common applications of silicone polymers include:

1. Construction: Silicones are used in the construction industry as sealants, adhesives, and coatings. They are resistant to water, UV light, and extreme temperatures, making them ideal for use in outdoor and extreme environments.

2. Automotive: Silicones are used in the automotive industry as gaskets, seals, and coatings. They are resistant to heat, chemicals, and vibration, making them ideal for use in engines and other automotive components.

3. Medical: Silicones are used in the medical industry as devices, such as breast implants and catheters, and as coatings for medical devices to improve biocompatibility. They are also used in medical adhesives and wound dressings.

4. Consumer products: Silicones are used in a variety of consumer products, including personal care products, cookware, and electronics. They are often used as lubricants, release agents, and moisture barriers.

Overall, silicones are a diverse and versatile class of materials that are used in a wide range of applications, including construction, automotive, medical, and consumer products.

Safety Guide: Polymer Synthesis Laboratory

There are several safety and precautions that should be followed when working in a polymer synthesis laboratory. Here are some key points to consider:

1. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE): This includes items such as goggles, gloves, and lab coat to protect your eyes, skin, and clothing from chemical splashes and spills.

2. Follow proper handling procedures: Be sure to handle chemicals and polymers in a safe and controlled manner. This includes using proper lifting techniques, avoiding skin and eye contact, and using the correct handling and storage equipment.

3. Follow proper labelling and storage procedures: Make sure that all chemicals and polymers are properly labelled and stored according to their hazard level. This includes keeping incompatible materials separate and using appropriate storage containers.

4. Use proper ventilation: Polymer synthesis can produce fumes and vapors that may be harmful to inhale. Make sure that the laboratory is properly ventilated to help dissipate these fumes and vapors.

5. Know the location of emergency equipment: Familiarize yourself with the location of emergency equipment such as fire extinguishers and eye wash stations, and know how to use them in case of an emergency.

6. Follow all laboratory procedures and protocols: Be sure to follow all laboratory procedures and protocols as outlined by your supervisor or instructor. This includes following good laboratory practices (GLPs) and standard operating procedures (SOPs).

7. Seek help when needed: If you are unsure about any aspect of your work in the laboratory, don't be afraid to ask for help from your supervisor or instructor. It is better to ask for help than to take unnecessary risks.